http://sudan.tigblog.org/ What's on the minds of young leaders from around the globe? en-us http://.tigblog.org/post/472565 توجد عوامل رئيسية لتفشى هذا الوباء في وسط المجتمع ،فدور الأسرة عظيم في اكتشاف مثل هذا الوباء وياتى دور الأصدقاء العامل الرئيسي لاكتشاف المرض من "تعاطي او عدم التعاطي " فمثلاً ارتفعت فى بعض البلدان العربية نسبت المخدرات وسط الشباب بمعدلات كبيرة مما ادى السلطات الى التوعية بمخاطر المرض.
فالمنهجية والسياسة المتبعة فى مجابهة مثل هذه الامرض التى تصيب المجتمع يجب ان يعبر بها الشباب ويعنى كثيراً لأهميته فى بناء المجتمع وايضاً مساعدة المجتمع فى ادراك الإخطار التى تحيط بنا من كل الجهات .فمثلا ومن وجهة نظري فى منظومة الأمم المتحدة وبالأخص بإعلان الأهداف الألفية التي شمله ثمانية محاور حاءات كالاتى :
الفقر المدقع والجوع ،التعليم،وفيات الأطفال،وفيات الأمهات،فيروس نقص المناعة المكتسبة "الايدز"،النوع الاجتماعي وتمكين المرأة،وأخيرا استدامة البيئة ،تاركين المجال خالي لأخطر القضايا التي تواجه الشباب من تعاطي المخدرات ،فلابد من النظر فى مثل هذه الأهداف التى سوف تعمل على حلها الى العام 2015 على حسب التصور من قبل الأمم المتحدة .
فلأن جميع المبادرات المجتمعية تهدف الى هذه الأهداف بالعمل من خلال منظمات المجتمع المدني التى لها اثر واسع فى التوعية وإدراك مثل هذه الأهداف التى تخدم مجتمعاتنا فنتمنى من البرنامج القومي للمكافحة المخدرات بالنظر فى المبادرات المجتمعية فى خلق روح التشبيك والمشاركة من خلال برامجها مع الشباب لأنهم الفئة الأكبر استهدافاً،وياتى عام 2008 عاماً ]]> Sun, 07 Sep 2008 05:50:00 EDT http://.tigblog.org/post/472565 http://.tigblog.org/post/390329 هل يعتبر مرتكب جرم مَنْ ينضم للحركة الشعبية؟ تقرير: لؤي عبدالرحمن قد يبدو العنوان غريباً بعض الشيء، ولكن الوقائع والحقائق التي سنتعرض لها قد تزيل عنه الغرابة.. إذ نحن نتناول موضوع أسرة أدخل أفرادها غياهب المعتقلات، وفُصل عائلها من وظيفته دون أن تكون هنالك تهم واضحة موجهة لهؤلاء النفر الذين يعتبرون أنفسهم مستهدفين من قِبل النظام الحاكم، وخاصة حزب المؤتمر الوطني، مع العلم أن الأبناء ينتمون للحركة الشعبية.. أما والدهم بحسب الأسرة ليس له علاقة بالعمل السياسي، الأمر الذي يعيد للأذهان مرحلة ما قبل نيفاشا.. حيث لا وظيفة أو رضا، إلاّ للموالين للحزب الممسك بمقاليد السلطة، ويبرر ذلك عرابو



الحكومة السابقة «ما بعد 89 حتى إتفاقية السلام الشامل» بأن هذا المسلك كان يهدف للتمكين. بدأ السيناريو مع هذه الأسرة كما تقول عندما قامت السلطة الأمنية بإستدعاء الابن تامر نجم الدين الذي يبلغ من العمر «17» عاماً ويدرس بجامعة أم درمان الأهلية، على خلفية حادثة اغتيال الطالب المعز بجامعة النيلين، وقامت الحركة الشعبية التي ينتمي لها تامر بتسليمه للسلطات احتراماً للقانون والدستور ولكي تأخذ العدالة مجراها، وعندما ذهب للإجراءات تم اعتقاله، وجاء في صدر الصفحة الأولى لإحدى الصحف أنه المتهم الأول. أبدت أسرة تامر استغرابها لما نُشر في الصحيفة المعنية التي أوردت أن تامر نجم الدين إغتال الطالب المعز بطلقات نارية من مسدس كان يحمله، وثبت فيما بعد كما ورد في وسائل الإعلام أن وسيلة القتل مخالفة للتي ذُكرت.. وليس هذا فحسب فقد أُفرج عن تامر بعد شهر ونصف من اعتقاله بعد أن تمت برأته من الضلوع في الحادثة، إلاّ أنه كما ذكر ـ عمار شقيقه ـ فقد فرصته في الجلوس للإمتحان النهائي بالجامعة الأهلية التي عاد وامتحن فيها في العام التالي ليكون بذلك قد تأخر عاماً كاملاً بسبب الاعتقال، وتامر نجم الدين كما يعرفه زملاؤه عضواً في المركزية للجبهة الوطنية الأفريقية الجناح الطلابي للحركة الشعبية. عمار شقيق تامر الأكبر ذكر أنه لم يمض على اعتقال أخيه يومان حتى تم فصل والدهما نجم الدين من عمله بالشرطة، وتابع: لا توجد أي مبررات وحتى اليوم لا نعلم ماهو السبب، ولكن الأسرة ربطت بين فصل الوالد من عمله وممارسة تامر ابنه للعمل السياسي بالحركة الشعبية. جُلَّ هذه الإفادات والمعلومات أدلى بها عمار الذي يشغل منصب الناطق الرسمي باسم الحركة الشعبية في العاصمة القومية، قبل يومين بعد أن تم الإفراج عنه في الواحدة من صباح الأربعاء 23 يناير الحالي، حيث مكث ستين يوماً في المعتقل والتي بدأت في اليوم الثالث والعشرين من نوفمبر من العام الماضي، وأُلقي القبض عليه في السادسة من صباح ذلك اليوم عندما كان متوجهاً إلى جوبا عبر مطار الخرطوم لقضاء أغراض شخصية. أبان عمار بأن السلطات وجّهت إليه تهمة محاولة القيام بعمل مسلح في المناطق النوبية بشمال السودان، وإجراء إتصالات بمجموعة كبيرة من النوبيين في الداخل والخارج لبداية هذا العمل المسلح، وقال في حديثه لـ(الوطن) إن هذا الإتهام غير صحيح لأنني أنضوي تحت تنظيم يعتبر ضلعاً في حكومة الوحدة الوطنية.. وأنا أؤمن بأن المناهضة لأي عمل تتم عبر الإلتزام بالدستور الإنتقالي والقوانين الشرعية السودانية لأن هنالك قوانين مخالفة. واصل عمار سرده وذكر أن أسرته والحركة الشعبية قدمتا طعناً دستورياً بواسطة الأستاذ المحامي نبيل أديب حوى مطالبة بإلغاء المادة التي تم بموجبها الاعتقال بإعتبارها لا تتوافق مع الدستور وإتفاقية السلام، وأن الإفراج جاء نتيجة ضغوط مورست من قِبل العفو الدولية والصحافة بجانب منبر موقع سودانيز أون لاين، وثلاثة ناشطين في حقوق الإنسان هم الأستاذة هناء خضر ـ سودانية مقيمة بالسويد ـ والدكتورة ندى مصطفى الناشطة في منظمة العفو الدولية بأمريكا بالإضافة للأستاذ نزار يوسف الناشط في مجال حقوق الإنسان ببريطانيا. بعض المتابعين لهذه الأحداث التي تعرّض لها أفراد هذه الأسرة التي ينتمي أغلبها للحركة الشعبية اتهموا تامر وعمار باستخدام وضعيتهما في الحركة وممارسة الأعمال التي تم بموجبها اعتقالهما، وساقوا هذا الإتهام كتبرير لما قامت به السلطات، إلاّ أنّ عمار فنّد هذا الإتهام أيضاً وقال: لم نرتكب أنا وأخي أية جناية حتى نُعتقل، فقد تمت تبرئة تامر من تهمة القتل بعد (45) يوماً فقط من حبسه، والقضية مازالت مستمرة، وأنا الآن حر طليق لعدم وجود أي دليل لإدانتي بالتهم الموجّهة، والوالد تم فصله من العمل بعد يومين فقط من اعتقال تامر، وإذا ارتكب مخالفة لماذا لم يُفصل من قبل؟ واجهتُ عمار بسؤالٍ مفاده لماذا تم استهداف اسرتكم بالذات؟ فردّ بقوله أنا افتكر أن أي عضو في الحركة يمكن أن يتعرّض لما تعرّضنا له، وسبق أن تم اعتقال اللواء الياس وايا، وهو كان آنذاك قائداً للقوات المشتركة المدمجة. الملاحظ في كل هذه السيناريوهات أنها لم تكن فيها إدانة ثابتة، وهذا ما قاد عمار نجم الدين لاعتبار الأمر برمته بأنه استهداف للسودان الجديد، والكوادر الشمالية داخل الحركة الشعبية، وقال: هذه الممارسات تتم لأن المؤتمر الوطني يريد حصر وجود الحركة في الجنوب، وتمدد الحركة الشعبية في الشمال خلق مهدداً للمؤتمر وكثير من التنظيمات السياسية والايديولوجية، ومن المعلوم أنّ هذا التمدد ينتج عنه سحب الامتيازات التاريخية التي يستمتع بها المركز منذ عام «1821» حتى الآن، وذلك مثل الهيمنة على مقاليد الحكم في السودان حتى في ظل وجود المستعمر، واسترسل: جاءت الحكومات الوطنية ومارست نفس الممارسات، ثم إن كل السلطة والثروة كانت مرتكزة على مستوى المركز إذا كان مركز ثقافي أو جغرافي، وهذا نراه في نظام التعليم الذي يمثّل ثقافة معيّنة وكذلك الإعلام (الإذاعة والتلفزيون) يمثّل ثقافة أحادية لا تعترف بوجود الآخر في بلاد المليون ميل مربع. إذا اعتبرنا أن هؤلاء الذين تم اعتقالهم من الحركة يمثّلون اليسار، فإن هنالك معتقلين آخرين من السلفيين الإسلاميين موجودون خلف القبضان، وهذا ما يجعل الناس كما يقول المراقبون يتحيّرون في أمر هوية النظام أو بالأحرى المؤتمر الوطني، أما الخطير في الأمر ما نُقل عن الأستاذ علي محمود حسنين القيادي الإتحادي عقب خروجه من الحبس بعد اعتقاله على خلفية المحاولة التخريبية، أنه ألغى سيادة حكم القانون.http://www.alwatansudan.com/index.php?type=3id=8031
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أرسلت في الأربعاء 06 فبراير 2008 بواسطة admin

]]> Mon, 16 Jun 2008 15:29:00 EDT http://.tigblog.org/post/390329 15.6361111 32.437222215.636111132.4372222 http://.tigblog.org/post/375521 ]]> Thu, 22 May 2008 09:14:00 EDT http://.tigblog.org/post/375521 http://.tigblog.org/post/367471 i have an idea to make a programme
to help refugees , i do belive that
education is the best thing we can give to them , because in the long term it will help them. i need your comments
]]> Wed, 07 May 2008 10:45:00 EDT http://.tigblog.org/post/367471 13.3333333 22.333333313.333333322.3333333 http://.tigblog.org/post/353701 After the September the 11th, 2001; horrific atrocity committed in United States of America by the Al Quaida Network, masterminded by Bin Laden; the President of United States of America, Mr. George W. Bush declared war on terror. His statement to the Congress and the people of USA on September the 20th, 2001 that,” the war on terrorism is not only targeted at the Islamic fundamentalisms but all forms of terrorism,” the statement of Bush to another externs clearly means that, terrorism is not only associated with Muslims but also with Christian fundamentalisms and the atheist conservatives. To the people of South Sudan, the declaration of war on terrorism, means the USA and the International Community is now on a better position to end the conflict in Sudan between the south and north.

According to the united Sates’ code, section 2656F(d) the term terrorism referred to “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against non-combatants targeted by sub national or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience”

The above international definition of terrorism, declared SPLA/SPLM to be one of the terrorists organization operating in south Sudan, which is not only destabilizing Sudan alone, but the region as whole. The declaration of war on terrorism means it is now the time for the international community and the USA in particular to fight and demolished SPLA/SPLM, which is one of the terrorists movement in Africa. However, the hope of the people of south Sudan became just a big nightmare, because the USA and International Community at large neglected to fight this Terrorists Movement, the SPLA/SPLM, under leadership of Dr, John Garang, who on another hand is a best friend of the USA.

The SPLA/SPLM took up guns in 1983 against the Khartoum regimes and since then, it has become one of the pre-emanate terrorists movement in the south Sudan, murdered millions of people and violated human rights in the Country. According to the Human Rights Watch/Africa report of June 1994, title “Civil Devastation: Abuses by all parties in the War in Southern Sudan” this report indirectly accused SPLA/SPLM to be guilty of terrorism, and it proven SPLA/SPLM to have committed great atrocities against the people it claims to be fighting to liberate from the Khartoum Regime. Yet, the International committed ignored to take into considerations this report, and continues to support and sponsor SPLA/SPLM in its terrorisms operations in south Sudan.

The SPLA/SPLM brutally targets of non-combatants are as direct murdered of civilians such as that in Ganyiel, Panyajor, Paiyoi, and Pagau etc. Rapping of women and girls, adoption of women and girls as wives, adoption of both women and men as salves, looting of both civilians and the International relief agencies as well local NGO’s properties. Indiscriminative attacks on civilian populated towns under Government control, shooting down of civilian airlines, Brutal beatings, tortures and arbitrary detention of civilians and political prisoners and well prisoners of war in bad conditions and many other lists of evil deeds of terrorism.

SPLA/SPLM has not only terrorised people in Sudan, but it became an international terrorists movement, which has also terrorised the neighbouring Countries like Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central Africa Republic and the Northern Uganda. For example, SPLA/SPLM troops in one day, murdered more then 500 Ethiopian civilians in lower Omo Valley of the southwest Ethiopia after the fall of Maguistu’s regime.

The war crimes the SPLA/SPLM committed during her two decades bush struggle are not hidden in the face of the International Community. But because the International Community are reluctant and are blinded by politics of hatred to Arabs and Muslims across the world, thus made the International Community and in particular the USA and Britain to be so critical and to blame Khartoum Government to be responsible for any crimes in south Sudan, during the south-north conflicts. In fact, the International community has forgotten that, the Movement they are supporting and sponsoring to fight the Khartoum regime, is a terrorists movement that is responsible for 75% of the atrocities and crimes committed against humanity in the South.

In substantiations, it is not now the Khartoum regime holding people in servitudes in south; or, it is not the Arabs occupying the Equatoria states and particular Moruland to date. It is not Arabs or Muslims or Khartoum regime now unlawfully detaining, torturing, rapping, looting and murdering people in equatorial or upper Nile, but it is now the SPLA/SPLM and the Dinka-tribes committing all these atrocities and crimes against humanity in the south. Furthermore, it is not now the Arabs, Muslims or the Khartoum regime failing to develop south, and mismanaging the wealthy and resources in the south but it is the SPLA/SPLM and the Dinka Elites.

SPLA/SPLM leader Dr. John Garang and some senior commanders like Kuol Manyang, James Wani Igga and the so called current leaders of the Government of South Sudan, like those of Kiir and Riek, are pre-emanate war criminals and people who have committed great atrocities against humanity in the south Sudan. In fact, SPLA/SPLM as institution has been total against the peace in Sudan, and it has demonstrated strong desires for destruction, torture and murdering of the people as well stealing of the Country’s wealth/resources for their personal benefits. SPLA/SPLM has no National Political objectives and vision for the South and Sudan at large and these are the sign of terrorists organizations.

As matter of facts, the Khartoum regime several times offered SPLA/SPLM ceasefire and request them to get into peace talks, but SPLA/SPLM refused these offers. As results Khartoum regime has to complain and request the International Community to argue SPLA/SPLM to seek for peacefully resolutions of the conflicts, than to continue with war, which is too costive for the Country’s development.

It became so clearly to many southerners and Sudanese at large, including the International Community that, SPLA/SPLM has no National Political objectives, vision, and goals and not interested in peace, when the Khartoum Peace Agreement (KPA) was signed in 1997. In according to the KPA, the Khartoum Government offered a free and fair, an international monitored referendum in which the southerners can for the first time in history, choose to remain united with north or be independent.

However, SPLA/SPLM doesn’t accept and recognized this offer, rather: it continuing to fight and prolong the war, with aims of destroying out completely all other non-Dinka tribes in the south Sudan.

It is really very difficulty to understand the real motive of the SPLA/SPLM by then, than simple that of destroying other non-Dinka tribes in the south. Because even as of now, SPLA/SPLM is party of the Khartoum regime, which is the Government of National Unity; but it has gone back to bush again to fight the Khartoum regime, by joining up forces with the other criminal rebel groups in Darfur region. Instead of playing active roles in bring Peace in Darfur through peaceful negotiations, as party of the Government of National Unity in Khartoum. In fact, this act of SPLA/SPLM joining forces with other rebel groups to fight is total violation of 2005 CPA and therefore, SSLF/UAFLSS strongly urges the International community and all southerners to condemn SPLA/SPLM over this move.

The Conflict in western Sudan’s region of Darfur is a conflict the entire World continues with its loud outcry that, genocide is going on - in Darfur; the National Congress has been blamed for doing less and to be responsible for the war crimes and genocide in Darfur. While forgetting that, SPLA/SPLM and the regime in Juba, is the most neglected terrorists regime which as of now, is facilitating, sponsoring and supporting the violence and genocide in Darfur. Yet, the same International Community, which is crying Genocide exists in Darfur, continues to channel their supports through SPLA/SPLM for committing more genocide and atrocities in that region.

Of course, SSLF/UAFLSS has acknowledged that, genocide exists in Darfur and this is based on our understanding of the International Community’s definition of the term genocide, and our knowledge of what is happening on the ground. However, the International Community and in particular Countries like USA and Britain which is in strong and good position to fight terrorisms and stop genocide in Darfur and Sudan at large. Became major supporters and sponsors of the terrorists and terrorisms in Sudan by turning their military, political and financial supports to the SPLA/SPLM and her sister terrorists rebel organizations in Darfur.

The USA’s declarations of War on terrorism, doses not carry any meaning than declaration of war against Muslims and opponent of USA International and National policies. According to the confidential sources, in the recently visits of the USA’s President George W. Bush in Africa. He held meetings with the Rwandan’s top Government officials, including the Chief of Rwandan’s Armed Forces and other Army Generals in Hotel Mille Collines; Where he also held separate secret meetings with other rebel leaders from Darfur and other Countries like Democratic Republic of Congo and Chad.

President Bush gave Millions of American Dollars for the supports of other rebel organizations in Democratic Republic of Congo and Chad. He also US$ 30 Millions to Rwandan Government for the formation of the newly Sudanese rebel organization from Darfur in Rwanda and this sum is to cover up for the trainings, logistics and etc, and as of now, the American Government is trying to use Kigali to destabilize the great lake region.

Washington clearly knows that, SPLA/SPLM has been involved in all forms of terrorisms and that; genocide is going on - in Darfur, and this genocide is committed by warring factions. Yet, it has avails continues militarily, political and financial supports to the SPLA/SPLM in south and other warring factions in Darfur. This has raise big question about USA’s war on terror, since it is the same USA that has and is neglecting other terrorists organizations in Sudan by continuously supporting as well sponsoring these terrorisms.

SSLF/UAFLSS is total against terrorisms and we are ready to demolish SPLA/SPLM and Juba regime, because it is a terrorists regime/organization and it deserves no existence at all. We therefore strongly condemns the Washington’s political, military and financial supports to SPLA/SPLM, because any supports Washington offers to SPLA/SPLM, it makes the war they declared on terrorism to be meaningless; on other hand, it proves Washington to be guilty of sponsoring and supporting terrorisms in Sudan.

In a conclusion, SSLF/UAFLSS strongly urges Washington and other countries supporting and sponsoring SPLA/SPLM, to completely withdraw their supports from SPLA/SPLM because the SPLA/SPLM’s regime in juba is a terrorist regime with an evil intentions of committing genocide on other non-Dinka tribes in Sudan, and destabilizations of the Peace of the people.



Signed:


John Sunday Martin
South Sudanese Liberation Front/United
Army for Liberation of South Sudan (SSLF/UAFLSS)
Private Bag 204, Lilongwe- Malawi
E-Mail: same.cold968@gmail.com
]]> Fri, 04 Apr 2008 08:35:00 EDT http://.tigblog.org/post/353701 http://.tigblog.org/post/337911 i love you and humanity and fredom
so i will dream to participate you and work as group to make good wills for darfur
to be cntinued................................................................................................]]> Sun, 24 Feb 2008 08:07:00 EST http://.tigblog.org/post/337911 13.3333333 22.333333313.333333322.3333333 http://.tigblog.org/post/324545 The general manager bemoaned the fight against AIDS d. Mohamed phrases during his address to the commemoration of World AIDS Day on the situation and circumstances experienced by patients, stressing suffering from the stigma as well as the problems of education.
He disclosed a work in progress Bboukt consent to revise curriculum AIDS, pointing to a specific strategy of the regular forces.
For its part, explained the campus of the President and Dade Babiker that concentrated efforts in the current period in reducing new infections and the development of strategies and mobilize public and private sectors.
To the Director of the national network of non Mahjoub Makki national organizations that is under the greatest burden in the fight against AIDS, pointing to the difficulties facing civil society organizations in building partnerships, calling for a consensus and coordination among organizations and provide partial support from the World of National Organizations]]> Mon, 21 Jan 2008 01:08:00 EST http://.tigblog.org/post/324545 http://.tigblog.org/post/221337 Thu, 21 Jun 2007 07:53:00 EDT http://.tigblog.org/post/221337 15.5880556 32.534166715.588055632.5341667 http://.tigblog.org/post/220887
Our water is our resource
Our resource is our rights
Our rights is our life
Our life is our water.

or what do you think?]]> Wed, 20 Jun 2007 03:28:00 EDT http://.tigblog.org/post/220887 15.5880556 32.534166715.588055632.5341667 http://.tigblog.org/post/24989 this is me ejlal from sudan .... i have been a member in TIG for a long time and my activities were freezed because of my studies ...and now i came and i'm trying to catch what i did miss about what is going on ... i 'll be so pleased if u helped me ... and i hope that i 'll take u all as friends to me .... it's a great pleasure to me ......
thank u so much .....
waiting for ur replies.....
ejlal....]]> Tue, 31 May 2005 05:56:00 EDT http://.tigblog.org/post/24989 15.5880556 32.534166715.588055632.5341667 http://.tigblog.org/post/21267
The two pages letter written in the support of AASG reads that, the bloody thirsted government of Sudan has being committing atrocities and genocides against her own Non Arab African origins for the last two decades in the south, Nuba Mountains and now in the Dar Fur. It has been and is using chemical Weapons (Syria Made) on her Non Arab Nationals and this act indeed reflects our government’s ideology to killing all the marginalized tribes in the country.

However, in all these decades, UN Security council in the HOUSE has been folding up his Hands to seeing genocides being committed on the innocent Souls in other part of the world like Sudan. This silence of UN Security council to take any appropriated measurement to stopping the genocide in Sudan since the Government launched her terrorism against Christians and animist in the south, Nuba mountains and now in Dar Fur, to us as South Sudanese youths, it demonstrated the UN security Council lack of Political will and interests to save us from this Animal that feeds only on the blood and flesh of mankind.

The letter continued that, We youth of South Sudan under the umbrella of MYDA have no doubt to say that the conflict in the Sudan is all against Human blood and flesh or against the existence of Non Arab African tribes. Therefore, we the Southern Sudanese Youth are very pleased of your services, and heeding to the call for stopping Slavery and genocide in Sudan. For we too are committed to this very call and will never be silence till genocide does no longer exist not only in Dar Fur, but entire Sudan, Africa and in every global village.

The letter appreciated the services of AASG and argues its president Dr. Jacob to continue with the spirit, the South Sudanese youths are behind Him and will be behind Him to the end of this journey. It also brief the President about the petition MYDA wrote to the UN Security council regarding the genocide in Sudan and promised to write it again if UN Security council don’t understand this one, and will continue to write to UN Security council till they either take action or their Offices are filled up by our petitions.
]]> Thu, 23 Dec 2004 08:53:00 EST http://.tigblog.org/post/21267 http://.tigblog.org/post/21263
The two pages petition was addressed to the president of the UN Security Council to take appropriate measurement against the Sudan Government for committing genocides by use of Chemical Weapons (Syria Made) on the Non Arab Sudanese Organ for the last two decades. And therefore calls upon the UN Security Council to take appropriated measures to save millions of lives before it is too late.

“For Sudan Islamic Khartoum Government has been and is using Chemical Weapons and this act indeed reflects this government’s intentions to destroying all the marginalized tribes in the country; and we do not find any reason as why UN Security council could fold up his Hand to watching genocides being committed on the innocent Souls in other part of the world like Sudan” (the Petition reads).

The petition was written out with good faith because the silence of the UN to act urgently to stopping the genocide from occurring further in Sudan, only demonstrates United Nations (UN)’s lack of political will and interests to save the lives of Black African Origins in Sudan from this bloody thirsted Government in the Sudan.

Indeed, Millions of souls in the Sudan would be saved but because UN Security Council seems to lack political will and interests to pass strong resolutions on Sudan Government, Millions are murdered, are dying each day like flies. It is not their will to be killed and to die but because the UN Security Council just never mind to saving their souls.

Therefore, since UN Security Council exists for this cause, we do not find any factors hindering the UN Security Council to fail to bring the international Communities and the International leaders together in Unity of Consciences, and to save millions of lives here in the Sudan’s region of Dar Fur.

The petition further reads that, the Conflict in the Sudan is the test of the UN strengths by those who survives on other people’s Blood and flesh, and if UN failed to act now, not only that the Non Arab Populations in the Sudan will be finished but actual this very genocide will have its leg and travail from Country to Country till all Non Arab Black African origins are no longer existing on the Universe so as to make history that, Long time Ago, there were some black people living in Africa……… the petition was signed by the John Sunday Martin, the Focal Point Chairman of Mundri Youth Development Association-MYDA


]]> Thu, 23 Dec 2004 07:00:00 EST http://.tigblog.org/post/21263 http://.tigblog.org/post/19841 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BY SAMUEL OKOMI

IS THE CONCEPT OF POWER CENTRAL TO THE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS?

The concept of power preoccupied the minds and writings of political thinkers since Plato. This is reflected in the numerous definitions and descriptions given to the subject matter by political scientists and writers of all ages and in all regions of the globe. While some writers see the acquisition of power as the end of international behaviour, others see it as one end among many. And still, others view it as a means to other ends. Invariably, some writers define power as the ability to affect the behaviour of others, while others see it as the ability not to be influenced by others. To some more, it is the ability to resist the influence of others. Daniel S. Papp, in his book, “Contemporary International Relations” defines power as “the ability of any actor to persuade, influence, force, or otherwise induce another actor to undertake an action or change an objective that the latter would otherwise prefer not to do”. Alternatively, Papp continues, “it is the ability of one actor to persuade, influence, force or otherwise induce another actor to refrain from an action that it would prefer to undertake”. But for the fact that understanding the concept of power is critical to the comprehension and analysis of international relations, the definition of power would have been left an inconclusive semantic game.

Donald J. Puchala presented an apt definition of power as stated by George Modelski in his “A theory of Foreign Policy”. Presenting power as being tantamount to having the control over the requisite means for international action, Modelski says, “Power is the capacity to act in international politics”.

Consequently, in order to understand the concept of power, it would be useful to equate power to money (though there are stark differences between the two) as both are assets that could be used to acquire things or achieve objectives. One scholar wrote, “Just as money is the currency of economic life, so power can be thought of as currency of politics” (Deutsch 1978:46). Critically examining the nature of power, one would describe it as a multifaceted, ever changing political resource and a sum of various elements that allow a country to have its interests prevail over the interest of another country. It is the sum of the attributes that enable a state to achieve its goal even when they clash with the goals of other international actors.

Power as a capacity to act on the international stage presents two major distinctions. First, the Gross National Power which is the absolute total of resources available in a given society; and second, the Externally Projectable Power which is the absolute total resources available to the government for the pursuit of foreign policy objectives. The Gross National Power comprises the elements of power – geography, size and population, leadership, economy and military.

As well as determining the extent of involvement in international affairs, the geography, which includes location on the globe, influences the economic growth of states. For example, proximity to areas of interest, particularly in the theatre of war, is a key factor that comes into play when state actors consider involvement in certain international affairs. For example, the United States, in trying to force Saddam Hussein’s forces out of Kuwait in 1991, had to ally with states that are closer to Iraq and Kuwait. This is not only cost effective, but also favours time. In the same vein, the capacity of a land locked country to act extensively in international politics is being limited by the difficulty or expenses involved in transportation systems. They would other wise have to rely on states that have access to the sea to reduce the cost and time. Again, the cooperation of such states is determined by their own interest.

Though I would like to corroborate the view held by many that the ‘bigness’ of a state does not necessarily connote supremacy in international affairs, yet, it has the potential to become an active participant in world affairs which would be precipitated by growth and development of all variables, such as human resource as well as industrial base and technology. Alternatively, the number of training and expertise of a given state determines its role in international affairs. This is particularly evident in countries that are capable of providing for the welfare of its people irrespective of the number of people living in it. For example, the United States of America, though a big country with a bloated population, yet, its resources are vast enough to enable it engage in myriad of international affairs. This is not true of India, another big country with the second largest population in the world. The resources available to the government of that country are not enough to meet the needs of the people let alone meddle extensively in international politics. This makes the level of industrialisation and technological advancement critical to the enhancement of the capacity of states to act on global issues.

The quality of a country’s government is critical to the capacity of that country to act in international politics. A skilful diplomat or political leader of a small state could influence other states or non-state actors to promote the interest of his state.

Some writers hold the view that economy is the main determinant for the level of both state and non-state actors in international affairs. This view stems from the fact that engagement in international affairs is quite an expensive undertaken which has the potential to drain the economy of a country or to distract states from addressing the domestic socio-economic needs. Therefore, state and non-state actors that have a very strong economic base are likely to be engaged in extensive international relations than those with less economic strength.

The growth of the American economy over the years has, by every indication, increased its level of involvement in international affairs. It uses its economic might to influence other states and non-state actors. Conversely, the weakening of the economy of the Soviet Union coupled with political reforms witnessed the demise of that once powerful state. Though this does not necessarily mean that Russia is no longer a key actor on the international stage, of course it still is, it is however safe to say that the extent of American influence on world politics far outweigh that of Russia. An apt example of America’s economic influence was the disbursement of $40,000,000.00 in aid to Sierra Leone following the ratification of a treaty by parliament that requires Sierra Leone not to turn over any American citizen to the ICJ for trial. It would be recalled that Sierra Leone is a signatory to the ICJ protocol.

Natural resources and industrialisation are key to economic growth. Hence, the greater a country’s self-sufficiency in vital natural resources, the greater its power. The greater a country’s dependency on foreign sources for vital natural resources, the lesser its power. The greater a country’s surplus (over domestic needs) of vital resources needed by other countries, the greater its power. The greater a country’s reserves in terms of ability to meet future (especially emergency) needs, the greater its power.

In power analyses, industrialisation is customarily linked to enhanced capacity to act in international politics by virtue of the relationship between industry, technology, and war-making capabilities. This is true, certainly, but to argue simply that industrialisation builds factories, factories produce arms, and large sophisticated arsenals enhance capacities to act in international politics, is really to miss the pivotal relationship between industrialisation and Externally Projectable Power. The result of increased efficiency in the use of resources that follows from industrialisation and general economic growth is to raise the population of the state above bare subsistence standards, and, in so doing, to provide an assessment base for increased government revenue. While these resources can be used to buy arms, it can also be used to pay soldiers and to train them; to finance, support and expand diplomatic activities; to entice allies with grants and loans; and to provide for simultaneous involvement in overseas ventures. The most important link, then, between industrialisation and enhanced capacity to act in international politics is the link between higher living standards resulting from industrialisation and increased government revenue.


The final determinant of involvement, that I would mention, in international affairs is the military. In fact, there are some schools of thought that hold the view that military capabilities are most important to a nation’s power potential. Events that led to the world wars present a beautiful background for this view. Many countries are scrambling to increase the quantity and quality of the contents of their arsenals.

From the aforementioned, elements of power, which resources, both natural and artificial, play a key role in determining the extent to which a country is involved in world affairs. Only in near the end of a prolonged, intense and ultimate struggle for survival does a state mobilise its total resources into foreign policy, war efforts, for example. This was the case, for example, in the Soviet Union in 1940 and 1941, when almost all human and material resources remaining after the Nazi invasion and plunder were mobilised in the war effort. It was the case too in Germany and Japan in 1945.

Normally however, resources allocated to foreign policy objectives represent only a minute fraction of the a state’s Gross National Power, since the bulk of the resources generally goes into domestic government programmes or into the individual pursuits of the citizens. Puchala gives typical example of the US’s use of resources on foreign policies in 1964, “The Gross National Product (GNP) was approximately 500 billion dollars. The federal budget that year was roughly 98 billion dollars, and 55 billion were allocated to the pursuit foreign policy including defence. Therefore approximately 10.5% of American GNP, or total wealth generated in 1964 was converted to Externally Projectable Power. Looking at human resources, again in 1964 there were approximately 250,000 people employed in the foreign affairs agencies of the United States government, and about 2.5 million in the armed forces, to make about two and three quarters million people working in the pursuit of American foreign policy. This was about 1.5% of the nation’s population. If one adds people employed in full time defence industries, the proportion of total human resources allocated to domestic and individual pursuits rises to perhaps 5 or 6 percent. The point here is that in 1964 the vast proportion of the American economic and human resources were allocated to domestic and individual pursuits. Externally Projectable Power, measured in terms of resources allocated to the service of foreign policy, was only a small fraction of Gross National Power. Moreover, it must be noted that by comparison with other countries, the United States devotes phenomenally large quantities of resources to foreign policy pursuits.

Small resource allocations to foreign policy are in some countries a matter choice, and in other, a matter of necessity. Government and peoples in many countries such as Sweden, Switzerland, Canada and contemporary Japan deliberately opt for a passive role in international politics, and consequently channel few resources toward creating Externally Projectable Power. They are mostly satisfied with what they deem as adequate defence and diplomatic establishments and essential commitment – none of which demand huge large resource allocations. Hence, their capacities to act extensively on the world stage are kept limited by their unwillingness to allocate enough resources to do so. To other countries, mostly African countries, the capacity to act in international affairs is limited by the unavailability of the resources that is required to do so. Domestic pressures for economic development programmes coupled with overpopulation drain the resources of the countries to the point that very little, or absolute nothing, is left for allocation to the pursuit of foreign policy objectives. Since the 1960s, most African countries have been incapacitated to act extensively in international affairs by weakened economic base. Almost all African countries heavily depend on foreign resources and lack the capacity to meet the needs of their people, hence the reduction of the power of African countries to become active or influential participants in world affairs.

Most multi national corporations in Africa have their bases in foreign countries and they promote foreign interests. African governments are alive to the fact that the activities of most of these companies are inimical to the economic growth of their respective countries but are unable to act against them because of the powerful states supporting them. In Sierra Leone for example, the activities of the Sierra Rutile Mining Company present an ecological hazard to the mining communities but the government is doing nothing to address the situation. This is principally because the government needs the taxes paid by the company and would not want to employ environmental policies that would scare the investors away. Also, company has its headquarters in the United States and other US companies are shareholders. The government would not want to hurt the Americans by imposing environmental corrective measures that would not be in the interest of the companies. The Niger Delta – oil company saga in Nigeria present another typical example of the display of economic power by America as against the economic and social interest of Africa.

While some writers would think that military power is critical to heavy involvement in international affairs, yet, economic power plays a crucial role as well. In fact, it is the strong economic base that enhances military might. A country would be able to develop and maintain sophisticated military hardware and men when it has a very strong economic base. The United States, the United Kingdom, France, China, Russia all have very powerful militaries. They have the resources to develop and maintain nuclear weapons which are crucial to military might. In fact, the possession of nuclear weapons or Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs) has become prominent in military circles in recent years. America and her allies fought Iraq and brought down the government of Saddam Hussein because they considered Iraq as a rogue state and suspected it was developing WMDs. The possession of WMDs, as far as the Americans (World Police) were concerned, poses a threat to world peace.

Though the war on Iraq is costly, yet, the USA and UK were willing to allocate their resources to prosecuting it to its logical conclusion. They defied the United Nations including other permanent members of the UN Security Council to go to war with Iraq. This singular act by USA and UK together with some other European and Arab countries like Spain and Qatar, proved that economic power, in addition to military might, present an overwhelming capacity to act in international affairs.

As already mentioned, the dismal economic state of most African states limits their involvement in international affairs. However, it suffices to state that some African countries such as Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Ghana etc. carry significant influence in world affairs. This is so because the economy of these countries though weak, yet, they rank among the strongest on the African continent.

Within Africa, Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Libya and Kenya have strong influence in the continent’s affairs. Nigeria, for example, demonstrated its power in West Africa through its involvement in the restoration of peace in war ravaged countries like Liberia and Sierra Leone. It funded and led a peace keeping mission to Liberia and Sierra Leone and continues to play significant role in the peace processes in those countries. The Nigerian ECOMOG intervention to oust the AFRC and protection of the Tejan Kabbah government from demise in January 1999, the persuasion of former President Taylor of Liberia to relinquish power and go into exile in Nigeria, are all indications of its economic and military superiority in West Africa. Though the country’s Gross National Power is not very strong, yet, its Externally Projectable Power plays significant role international affairs.

By every indication, the US has proved to be the country with the increased willingness to allocate huge resources to the pursuit of foreign objectives than any other country in the world. It has foreign missions in almost every country of the world and its influence is felt in almost every corner of the globe. This ability to allocate huge resources to foreign policy coupled with its willingness to do so thus makes it a powerful nation.
Power is there a key determinant to engaging in international politics. Understanding the concept and dynamics of power is certainly crucial to the study of international relations.


BIBLIOGRAPHY

Johari, J. C.: Contemporary Political Theory
Sterling Publishers Private Limited
G10 Green Park Extension
New Delhi – India
(2001)

Papp, Daniel S.: Contemporary International Relations
Macmillan Publishing Company
New York
Second Edition (1988)

Puchala, Donald J.: International Politics Today
Dodd, Mead and Company
New York
(1971)

Rourke John T. and
Boyei, Mark A.: International Politics on the World Stage
Dushkin/McGraw-Hill
(1996)
]]> Thu, 07 Oct 2004 10:15:00 EDT http://.tigblog.org/post/19841 http://.tigblog.org/post/19840 Thu, 07 Oct 2004 10:10:00 EDT http://.tigblog.org/post/19840 http://.tigblog.org/post/18983
As TakingITglobal this month of August focusing on the refugees, I wonder whether what to say because to be as refugee or IDP is as being in hell pf problems and actual is just as if one is caused by God.

This paper is my analysis of Human Rights situation of the refugees and IDPs and it is not an imagination of reality of the problems through my experience as being a refugee as well as IDP in Africa. The paper attempts to present the broader issues of Human Rights Violation of Rfugees/IDPs in conflicting Areas such as Sudan and the Northern Uganda and the question of the effectively implementation of UN convention of 1951 on Refugees.

Before any attempts I could made to this paper, I Just feel to Express what UN have defined the Term Refugees and IDPs during the UN 1951 Convention on Refugee. They Defined Refugees as any person fleeing due to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for the reasons of faith, race, religion, nationality, memberships of particular social group or political opinion and that must be outside the country of his/her nationality. Further more, such a person owning to such a fear of persecutions is unwillingly to avail himself/herself of protection of his/her Country and finally, owing to such fear is unwillingly to return to it. Such a person UN said has fulfilled the criteria, qualified to be Refugee. While, IDPs are people who have been displaced from their homes because of maybe natural or man-made disaster and seeks refugee within their own Country.


CAUSES OF REGUGEES AND IDPs
In 1987 when we were in Yeri, a town in Mundri Counties in South Sudan, it was in the early morning when the South Sudan Main rebel the Sudan People Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) attacked Yeri Police Post and we hard to run into bush to hid ourselves. This was my first time to experience such incident because we hard to spent Night in the Bush without any thing to sleep on and even without food for complete one day and some hours. As we were hiding the bush, the rebel hard already capture the town and have done all that they could wish to do such as Killing the innocents, raping women and girls, looting properties, burning Houses and adopting people and they have gone. All these atrocities have been done within three hours time. When we came back home from the bush, we found nothing, and our lives seems to be in danger so this made us to took refugee in Mundri. These same incidents happened to us in Mundri, Amadi and Maridi within short period of time.

In 1989 we have been again displaced from Maridi where by we took refugee in Kaya. Kaya is quite a small town in Sudan, boarded Uganda and DR Congo and not longer, in 1993 Sudan Khartoum Government launched massive attack on us in the Displaced Camps and they were using air and ground to attack us so our lives is certain because we don#8217;t know whether we gonna survive or not. To make live worse, the SPLA also lunched massive attack on the Civilian residing with them and they have been forcible conscripting people into rebel, they have being torturing Civilians, Killing Civilians and we remained in the wonder world of Confusions and suffering between the warring functions. There was no safe heaven to us and because of these threats of life that we faced and have been facing; we have to take refugee in Uganda on 5 August 1993. (We were about 20,000 in Number).

Indeed, the cause of refugees and IDPs are mostly on common ground and these are life threats by either the Government or rebels. These life threads could be on the bases of sex, race, and political opinion and for the case of Sudan, mostly war, faith and civil strife.

Therefore, something worse causes refugees and IDPs and these Worse things maybe threats to their life and thus made them to leave their comfort zone and become Refugees local or international. Thus means that any person claims to seek for refugee#8217;s asylum, there is really need to consider his/her case on the base of the refugees and IDPs criteria.

It was not my own will to be first as IDP and then Refugee in Uganda,but because some thing worse has been threatening my life, I have to go where I Though I will real find safety and dignity.

Even though in 2000 I have repatriated myself voluntary back to Sudan for the sake of saving my fellow youths who are suffering as hard been before, I repatriated myself because I love to be with them, to advocate for their rights, to mobilize and empower them so as they could know their rights and overcome some of the crucial life issues they are facing in this Civil war in Sudan. (Currently, in Sudan I am IDP because I am staying the IDPs Camps in Kotobi and at the same time as Refugee because all my family stays in Uganda and I have been offered Refugee#8217;s Asylum in Uganda by Ugandan Government).


RIGHTS OF THE REFUGEES AND IDPs
Whether you are a refugee or IDP or none of the two groups, Human Rights if for all Human Being living on the earth. That is because all State members of UN have adopted the fundamentalisms of the Human Rights although most does not put on to action the practicum of Human rights on their Citizens. The UDHR article 18 said that, #8220;Every one has the Right to Freedom of Though, conscience and Religion#8221; and Article 20 said that #8220;Everyone has the Rights to the freedom of peaceful assemble and association#8221; the UDHR constitution recognized that all Human being are accorded fully and equal dignity of person and that all human being are equal before and under the law in the sphere of politics, economics, social and cultural life; these it upholds itself on the rights of individuals to life, to liberty, to security, marriage, to work, to education, to decent standard of living, justices, ownership of property, freedom of movement and etc.

The UDHR is guaranteed to all human being with the soul, spirit and body irrespectively of the life status or personalities. Although I stated that Human Rights is for all, but there are some specific Law that is made to the protections of their rights and dignity and these laws are three folded. The UN 1951 Convention Article 13-33 set minimum Law to govern the minimum standards of the rights of the Refugees and these laws includes the Rights to Education, the Rights to the freedom of Movement, the Rights to the Humanitarian assistance, the Rights to the Acquiring the Identification Paper (Card), the rights to the acquiring the immovable Property, the Rights to the Intellectual property, the rights to the association with none Political and None Profit Making Organizations and trade union, the Rights to the access to the National Court, the Rights to the wage Earning employments, the rights to the self- employment.

The 1951 UN Convention continued to say that, No refugee shall be expelled or repatriated in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of the territories where his/her life or freedom would have been in danger on the bases of his/her Human rights. This article could be and is well enforced by the UDHR article 5.

The Constitution also said that, in the conflicting areas, Refugees have fundamentality of Rights to the physical security and they are not objected to any military operations or target for military operations.

This it applies the IDPs that they are governed by the Constitutions of the own Government and will remain under the responsibilities of their own government.



VIOLATION OF THE RIGHTS OF REFUGEES AND IDPs

Based on the experiences, there are two major source of the violation of the Refugees and IDPs rights and these are from the Civil Authorities working with the Relief, Humanitarian Agencies and the Government army as well as rebel.

The acts of both the Sudan Government and the South Sudan main rebel group the SPLA (See the Cause of Refugees and IPDs) it is an act of Human rights Violation of the Rights of IDPs and in most case what I have seen is that the IDPs insecurity cases or issues are not taken seriously by both the government of their Country or even by the International Communities.

Refugees and IPDs are some times camped in dry areas where there is not water such as in Yoya, the Sudanese Refugees Camp in Ikaff-west Nile Region of Uganda. There was no water in that land and we have to wake up at doom to go to fetch water at a distance of six kilometers away from the camp moreover even the sources of the water is not suitable Human being uses, While other camps are located in the sweep areas.

The 1996 LRA attack on the Sudanese Refugees Camps of Acolppi and agogo and massacre 107 Sudanese refugees- (see the New Vision, July 16th 1996). Some of the Violation of the refugees and IDPs are directly as the result of the polices of the UNHCR that Refugees must restrict live only within Refugees Camp and this was Against the UN 1951 article 27 that Refugee rights of freedom of movement and refugees rights to chose where to stay and opportunities to make fresh start of life.. In that same July 1996 the UNFR 11 attached our Camp in Yoyo and all the UNHCR Staffs and other Humanitarian agencies such as Oxfam has to evacuate the Base camp to Town for the Fear of being attached by the UNRF 11. They lift us in the camp to be murdered by the Rebels. So when rebels continuously attacking the camps, we hard to evacuate the camps and fellow the UNHCR and Humanitarian Agencies are Based in Yumbe Town, but the UNCHR issued other that no food shall be distributed to refugees in town unless in the camps moreover there in Yumbe we are staying outside under the trees and it has been raining on us. Of cause since most of us dying because of Hunger, we became into two groups, they those who decided to voluntary repatriated themselves back to Sudan, and other decided to go back to the camps so as to be killed by the Rebels.

In Uganda, refugees are not titled to Identifications Paper any howl and it is only at time students been and will be issued with an identification documents. In 1996, some refugees have been forceful repatriated back to Sudan and this was either the collaboration of the SPLA or the Sudan Government. These are not only the atrocities but the worse of when Sudanese Refugees has been recruited into army by the Uganda Government through the collaboration of the SPLA in 1995 whereby they are based and trained at Gulu in northern Uganda with the aim of fighting the LRA.

It is against all what that I have experienced as Refugee and IDP, I have to only say that it is cause to be refugees or IDPs because this is the status of life time whereby you may have no obligations and your Rights are always abused indirectly or directly by the government, Civil authorities and Humanitarian Agencies including the UNHCR.

John Sunday Martin

]]> Tue, 24 Aug 2004 10:46:00 EDT http://.tigblog.org/post/18983 http://.tigblog.org/post/17409
Dear friends

CHILD IN SUDAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (CSDP)




THE SUDANESE ASSOCIATION FOR YOUTH DEVELOPMENT (SAYD) WITH COOPERATION WITH CANADIAN COLLEGE SUDAN WILL LUNCH THE CHILDHOOD IN SUDAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ON FRIDAY 11TH OF JUNE.

THE PROJECT AIMS TO APPLY NEW METHODS TO IMPROVE THE LIFE QUALITY OF SUDANESE CHILDREN .THE FIRST STAGE OF THE PROJECT WORKS THE CONSTRUCTION OF A NETWORK OF SUDANESE CHILDERS ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

THE PROJECT WILL BE FIRST INTRODUCED ON THE POPPING DAY OF THE KHARTOUM INTERNATIONAL SHOPPING FESTIVAL IN THE FORM OF A GIANT PAINTING THAT WILL BE DRAWN ONLY BY CHILDREN.

THE AREA OF THE PANTING WILL BE FOUR HUNDRED SQUARE METERS.CHILDREN WILL BE ALLOWED TO DRAW ACCORDING TO OWN INTERESTS,PROBLEMS AND FEELINGS.THIS WILL BE APART OF THE ASSOCIATION CONTRIBUTION IN THE KHARTOUM SHOPPING FESTIVAL THAT 11-26 JUNE 2004 .

THE OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS ABOUT INVOLVES AN EXHIBITION ABOUT CHILDREN’S STATES IN SUDAN, A MUSICAL, CULTURAL RIGHTS AND A POETRY’S LIGHT.

ALSO THE ASSOCIATION WILL CONTRIBUTE IN A POETRY COMPETITION. TO ALL PEOPLE, PLEASE CONTRIBUTION THE CHILDREN AND YOUTH IN SUDAN FOR GOOD LIFE.



Ameer ELnager

SUDANESE ASSOCIATION FOR YOUTHDEVELOPMENT(SAYD)

AHFAD UNIVERSITY FOR WOMEN

OMDURMAN,SUDAN

POSTAL:167








]]> Mon, 14 Jun 2004 15:44:00 EDT http://.tigblog.org/post/17409 http://.tigblog.org/post/10117
Date: 1st May 2003.

Present:

1. John Lwong
2. James Solomon
3. Martin Ngunga
4. Simon Juliano

Agenda:

1. Logistical needs for programme implementation.
2. Strategy for effective programme implementation.
3. Looking into the capacity of the amount that was received

Minutes:

· Activities identified to be taken down to South Sudan:
o Safe excreta disposal.
o HIV/AIDS awareness.
· Slabs to be purchased from Nairobi to Sudan.
· Some T-shirts to be printed for awareness creation.
· Cement to be purchased in Sudan.
· James suggested that we buy the toilet slabs from Nairobi to Sudan.
· Contact school administrator/religious leaders to give the mandate to carry out the programme.
· Hire some people to do the digging.
· It was agreed that the organization to purchase the plastic slabs in Nairobi.
· toilets and each church 2 (8). Total 20 plastic slabs.
· To buy 60 iron sheets from Malakal.
· Vent pipe to be bought from Nairobi 20 in number.
· Digging tools to be bought from Malakal.
· Hire two technicians to do the building
· Buy 30 kilos of nails.
· 30 roofing timbers
· Food for work for the digger/alternative is to hire some diggers who will be given some incentives of the total rate of 500 per hour.
· Transportation of the mentioned materials
· Barbered wire.


HIV/AIDS Awareness:
· Will use organized groups i.e. schools, churches or community groups.
· John will approach Africa Alive for HIV banners.
· The T-shirts printed HIV/AIDS messages.
· Basic information on HIV/AIDS i.e. what AIDS is, how it’s spread, symptoms.
· Awareness to be carried in observance of the already established age groups.
· Field officers to share an office with SuWEP/SPLM-United women working group.
· Tents to be bought (2 in number and 2 blankets.)

The amounts received by Fashoda Youth Forum from Program support unit-CIDA is in total 9820.83$ that is Kshs 736562.25 at the rate of 75 kshs with the value date of 003/05/15.
The amount that will be use for the first implementation of the activities will be:
Kshs 500000 about 5000$

PIT LATRINE CONSTRUCTION PLAN
A. POSITION FOR FIRST IMPLEMENTATION.

Village Place No. Of Toilet
NyilwakPakan Health center One
NyilwakWijchar Presbyterian Church One
NyilwakThwor A common place between FRRA compound and local inhabitant One
Wub Wub School One
Pakira Health Centre One
Pakira Pakira School One
Dor Presbyterian Church One
Dor Dor School One
Alaki (King Palace) Open space behind the palace One
Tonga Papojo Health Centre One
Tonga Papojo Lutheran School One
Obay Pakang Pakang School One
Tonga Papojo Presbyterian Church One
Owaci Owaci School One
B. Items for building:

Items Number.
Plastic slabs 15
Zinc (iron-sheets) 31 (six feet)
Timber 30 ( 1 x ½ inches)
Salik logs 120 pieces
Bamboo 25 heads
Nails 30 kg (mixed)
Tiding wire 6 kg
Wind holders 60 pieces
Ashab(small wood for building) 60 heads
Nim logs(from Nima tree) 30 pieces
Plastic pipes 8 (4” x 24 feets)




II: Sanitation and Hygiene:

People’s Criteria Work Done Incentives
Female and youth Digging small holes for sage disposal of warts and dirt. Food and Tea
Women and men to see to it that, their houses are clean and bones and other waste are thrown into the identified dug holes and burnt. Local drinks
Supervisors(Two implementing teams) Direct and identify the places for safe disposal of waste and dirt. Feeding, accommodation and tokens.
Chiefs and elders Encourage the villages to take the matter of sanitation and hygiene seriously and approve the safe waste disposal sites Local drinks.

Before this program starts, a two days workshop will be conducted to select a group of youths from different villages. The purpose of this will be to make them understand the project and its benefit to the people. They will be sent to mobilize their people for the work. This will be done in Nyilwak Presbyterian Church.

III: Tools for building:

Tools Number
Wood saw 1
Hammer 1
Zirdia 1
Zinch cutter 1
Earth digger (Atala) 3
Spade 2


D: Human Resource power for building:

People’s criteria Work done Incentives
Male youth Digging the pit Food and local drinks
Contractors Erecting a wall around the pit Food and money
Supervisors(two of the implementing teams) Encouraging the work and seeing that it is successful. Giving out incentives. Food, drinks and accommodation.






IV: HIV/AIDS Awareness:

A: Plan for awareness:

Village Place No. of Youth Incentives
Nyilwak Presbyterian Church 100 (quarter are ladies) 75 male 25 female T-shirts with the message of AIDS . Two meals and tea will be served.
Tonga Papojo Lutheran primary school 100 (1/2 are ladies) 50 male 50 female T-shirts with the message of AIDS . Two meals and tea will be served.


B: Themes for awareness:

1. Collecting of views of the youth on the diseases (epidemic) and how dangerous they feel it.

2. Knowing from the youth what similar diseases they have in mind like AIDS.

3. Telling the youth of the nature of HIV/AIDS epidemic and how it is contracted.

4. Telling the youth of how the disease has destroyed many families in many countries and villages in Africa.

5. Telling the youth of the preventive measures of AIDS. Sexual intercourse and blood contact.

6. Group discussion to see how effective the participants grasped the message and how they think they can manage control this epidemic in the way accessible for them.




]]> Tue, 22 Jul 2003 08:12:00 EDT http://.tigblog.org/post/10117 http://.tigblog.org/post/9025 The team has leave Nairobi-Kenya on 05/14/03 to Mid-West Upper Nile South Sudan for Two month,and they will be Back to Kenya for the report to Donors/partners!]]> Sat, 17 May 2003 12:17:00 EDT http://.tigblog.org/post/9025